Recombinant Human G-CSF (G123-GRP)

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), also known as CSF-3, is an essential cytokine belonging to the CSF family of hormone-like glycoproteins that regulate haematopoietic cell proliferation and differentiation (1). It is produced primarily by monocytes and macrophages upon activation by endotoxin, TNF-α and IFN-γ but can be secreted by other cell types after LPS or IL-1 activation. In addition, various carcinoma cell lines and myeloblastic leukemia cells can express G-CSF constitutively (2). The cell surface receptor for G-CSF is G-CSF-R, also known as CD114. G-CSF synergizes with some other cytokines, including GM-CSF and IL-4. Bone marrow is stimulated by G-CSF to produce granulocytes and stem cells. G-CSF is also a potent inducer of hematopoietic stem cell mobilization from the bone marrow into the bloodstream and therefore used clinically to facilitate hematopoietic recovery after bone marrow transplantation. G-CSF also acts as a neurotrophic factor as its receptor is expressed by neurons in the brain and spinal cord. The action of G-CSF in the central nervous system is to induce neurogenesis, to increase the neuroplasticity and to counteract apoptosis (3). These proprieties are currently under investigations for the development of treatments of neurological diseases such as cerebral ischemia. Human and murine G-CSF are cross-species reactive.