Recombinant Human EMAP-II (E142-GRP)

Endothelial monocyte activating polypeptide II (EMAP II) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine with anti-angiogenic properties. This protein was discovered in the supernatant of Meth-A fibrosarcoma cells and was shown to enhance the induction of the procoagulant Tissue Factor (TF) on endothelial cells. Besides up-regulation of TF mRNA, EMAP II increases cellular receptors for TNF on endothelial cells, which is likely to enhance the predisposition of tumors to undergo thrombosis and hemorrhagic necrosis, once challenged with TNF.1 EMAP II functions as a potent inhibitor of primary and metastatic tumor growth, has strong inhibitory effects on endothelial cells and can reduce intratumoral expression of the angiogenesis inducer vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). 2 It is also chemotactic towards neutrophils and monocytes and induces myeloperoxidase activity from neutrophils.