Apamin (P1234-GRP)

Apamin, an 18 amino acid peptide neurotoxin present in apitoxin (bee venom), has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties. It is known to be a highly selective blocker of Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channels and then lessen the expression of α-SMA in the TGF-β1-induced HSC-T6 cells.