Antigen Retrieval Buffer (50x Citrate, pH 6.0) (A457-GRP)

Immunohistochemistry relies on fixation to preserve tissues, but these treatments can have an unintended consequence: they mask the very proteins researchers are interested in. This masking occurs because fixation create cross-links between proteins, obscuring the specific sites (antigens) that antibodies need to bind to. Antigen retrieval buffer is designed for a technique called heat-induced epitope retrieval (HIER). HIER uses heat to break these protein cross-links, essentially "unmasking" the hidden antigen sites. This allows antibodies to bind more effectively, leading to clearer and more accurate results in immunohistochemistry experiments.