Anti-Mouse Galectin-9 (Clone RG9-1) - Purified <i>in vivo </i>GOLD™ Functional Grade (C3340-GRP)

Galectin-9 (Gal-9), a member of the galectin family of mammalian lectins, binds β-galactoside. Gal-9 is expressed by many cell types, including endothelial cells, the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract, T cells, B cells, macrophages, and mast cells1. Gal-9 plays a significant role in innate and adaptive immunity and regulates excessive immunity by suppressing interleukin (IL)-17 producing effector T helper cells (Th)17 and Th1 as well as by augmenting Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg). In addition, Gal-9 induces monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), granulocytic MDSCs, and plasmacytoid dendritic cell-like macrophages. Gal-9 also suppresses B cell receptor signaling and is regulated by I-branching of N-glycans2. Additionally, Gal-9 stimulates the maturation of dendritic cells3. Gal-9 is thought to function by binding to specific carbohydrate moieties in receptor molecules expressed on the surface of its target cells, including the T-cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 (Tim-3)1. Gal-9 is predominantly located in the cytoplasm but can also be secreted3. Gal-9 is expressed by a variety of tumor cells, plays a role in tumor immunity, and can suppress tumor metastasis by blocking adhesion to endothelium and extracellular matrices4. CD45, which regulates antigen receptor signaling, is a major glycoprotein receptor for Gal-9 on naive B cells2.